Iran under sanctions: no money for medicine but luxury cars aplenty
In 2012, the United States and European Union introduced new financial and energy sanctions designed in part to curb Iran’s oil exports. The US threatened foreign financial institutions dealing with Iran’s Central Bank, making it hard for Iranian companies to acquire the dollars needed to buy imports. In any case foreign currency dried up, because the sanctions halved Iran’s oil exports – its main source of foreign exchange – and cut oil revenue from $95bn in 2011 to $69bn in 2012. Even when dollars were available, the cost of imports became prohibitive as the rial fell on the open market from 19,000 in 2011 to 32,000 in 2012. While the sale of medicine to Iran was supposedly exempt from sanctions, most western banks and suppliers were so afraid of problems that they ended all trade. Shabnam Safamanesh, a businesswoman involved in importing pharmaceuticals, told Tehran Bureau that western banks soon refused letters of credit issued by Iranian financial institutions. “They didn’...